Honey Odyssey

Bee plant, Central Europe

Trifolium repens

L.

White clover

White clover is a creeping legume of meadows, pastures, lawns and paths that flowers from May to September. Its white flowers turn brownish and bend down after flowering. In Britain the bee Melitta leporina shows a marked preference for it, and in a US study of suburban lawns it was by far the most abundant spontaneous flower.

Trifolium repens
Photo: Ivar Leidus, CC BY-SA 4.0

What we know

Bees linked to this plant

How to recognise it

  • Its stems creep along the ground and root at the nodes.

    Confirmed fact[1]
  • The flowers are white, sometimes yellowish or pinkish, clearly stalked, and turn brownish and bend down after flowering.

    Confirmed fact[1]
  • The leaves have three broad, obovate, hairless leaflets.

    Confirmed fact[2]

When it flowers

  • Info Flora gives the flowering period of white clover in Switzerland as May to September.

    Confirmed fact[1]

Where it grows

  • Info Flora lists white clover as indigenous in Switzerland.

    Confirmed fact[1]
  • White clover grows in meadows, pastures, park lawns, trampled places, along paths and in gardens.

    Confirmed fact[2]

What it offers bees

  • BWARS, which covers Britain, states that the bee Melitta leporina has a marked preference for white clover.

    Observation[3]
  • Citing an earlier study from Toronto, Canada, the US authors report that clover was the dominant pollen source in successful brood cells of two generalist bee species.

    Reported by the farm[5]

In the garden

  • The Baden-Württemberg bee forage catalogue reports good results from a mix of white and crimson clover sown under cereals in spring.

    Reported by the farm[4]
  • In suburban lawns in Massachusetts, USA, white clover was by far the most abundant and widespread of 54 spontaneous flowering species.

    Confirmed fact[5]
  • In the same US study, lawns mown every two weeks had the most bees but the lowest bee species richness and evenness.

    Confirmed fact[5]

Sources

  1. Info Flora. Trifolium repens L.. Online species page, Das nationale Daten- und Informationszentrum der Schweizer Flora (text from Flora Helvetica 2018). Link
  2. Marschner R. Trifolium repens, Weiß-Klee (Fabaceae). Species sheet, Qualifizierung Feldbotanik (Bronze), BayCEER, Universität Bayreuth. Link
  3. Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society (BWARS). Melitta leporina species account. Link
  4. Ministerium für Ländlichen Raum und Verbraucherschutz Baden-Württemberg. Bienenweidekatalog: Verbesserung der Bienenweide und des Artenreichtums. 6. aktualisierter Nachdruck, Stuttgart, Oktober 2019. Link
  5. Lerman SB, Contosta AR, Milam J, Bang C. (2018) To mow or to mow less: Lawn mowing frequency affects bee abundance and diversity in suburban yards. Biological Conservation 221: 160-174. Link

Last checked: 20 October 2026. Every statement on this page was compared with the source it cites.